beryllium

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Beryllium is a Group 2 (IIA) element. At ordinary temperatures beryllium resists oxidation in air. Its ability to scratch glass is probably due to the formation of a thin layer of the oxide. Aquamarine and beryl are precious forms of the oxide beryl.

General information

Discoveror: Nicholas Louis Vauquelin
Date discovered: 1797
Discovered at: France
Meaning of name: From the Greek word "beryllos" meaning "beryl"

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: lead grey
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 1848
Molar volume/cm³: 4.85

Radii /pm

Atomic: 112
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Be]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	108.5	no data	no data	no data

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 1.57
Allred Rochow: 1.47

Crystal Structure

structure: hcp (hexagonal close-packed)

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 1560
boiling point: 2742

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 7.95
vaporization: 297

single bond enthalpies:

Be-F	Be-Cl	Be-Br	Be-I	Be-Be
632	461	372	289	59

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	899.5
2nd	1757.1
3rd	14848
4th	21006

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
9Be	9.0121822 (4)	100

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW