bismuth

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Bismuth is a white, crystalline, brittle metal with a pinkish tinge. Bismuth is the most diamagnetic of all metals, and the thermal conductivity is lower than any metal, except mercury. It has a high electrical resistance, and has the highest Hall effect of any metal (that is, the greatest increase in electrical resistance when placed in a magnetic field).

General information

Discoveror: Known to ancients
Date discovered:
Discovered at: n.a.
Meaning of name: From the German word "bisemutum"

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: lustrous reddish white
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 9780
Molar volume/cm³: 21.31

Radii /pm

Atomic: 143
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Bi]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	114.4	136.1	54.2	17.9

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 2.02
Allred Rochow: 1.67

Crystal Structure

structure: monoclinic

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 544.4
boiling point: 1837

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 10.9
vaporization: 165

single bond enthalpies:

Bi-F	Bi-Cl	Bi-Br	Bi-I	Bi-Bi
297	274	232	168	200.4

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	703.3
2nd	1610
3rd	2466
4th	4370
5th	5400
6th	8520

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
209Bi	208.980374 (5)	100

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW