europium

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Europium ignites in air at about 150 to 180°C. Europium is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile. It is the most reactive of the rare earth metals, quickly oxidising in air. It resembles calcium in its reaction with water. It is used in television screens to produce a red colour.

General information

Discoveror: Eugene Demarcay
Date discovered: 1901
Discovered at: France
Meaning of name: Named after "Europe"

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: silvery white
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 5244
Molar volume/cm³: 28.97

Radii /pm

Atomic: 231
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Eu]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	214.0	no data	no data	31.0

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: no data
Allred Rochow: 1.01

Crystal Structure

structure: bcc (body-centred cubic)

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 1099
boiling point: 1800

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 9.4
vaporization: 177

single bond enthalpies:

Eu-F	Eu-Cl	Eu-Br	Eu-I	Eu-Eu
no data	no data	no data	272	33.5

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	547
2nd	1085
3rd	2400
4th	4110
5th	6100

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
151Eu	150.919702 (8)	47.8 (15)
153Eu	152.921225 (4)	52.2 (15)

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW