manganese

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

The metal is gray-white, resembling iron, but is harder and very brittle. The metal is reactive chemically, and decomposes cold water slowly. Manganese is widely distributed throughout the animal kingdom. It is an important trace element and may be essential for utilisation of vitamin B. Manganese is present in quantity the floor of oceans. It is an important component of steel.

General information

Discoveror: Johann Gahn
Date discovered: 1774
Discovered at: Sweden
Meaning of name: From the Latin word "magnes" meaning "magnet", or "magnesia nigri" meaning "black magnesia" (MnO₂)

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: silvery metallic
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 7470
Molar volume/cm³: 7.35

Radii /pm

Atomic: 161
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Mn]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	141.9	no data	40.9	no data

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 1.55
Allred Rochow: 1.60

Crystal Structure

structure: cubic

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 1519
boiling point: 2334

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 13.1
vaporization: 220

single bond enthalpies:

Mn-F	Mn-Cl	Mn-Br	Mn-I	Mn-Mn
no data	no data	no data	332.2	25.9

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	717.4
2nd	1509.1
3rd	3248.4
4th	4940
5th	6990
6th	9200
7th	11508
8th	18956

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
55Mn	54.9380471 (16)	100

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW