titanium

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Titanium is present in meteorites and in the sun. Some lunar rocks contain high concentrations of the dioxide. Titanium oxide bands are prominent in the spectra of M-type stars. Titanium, when pure, is a lustrous, white metal. It has a low density, good strength, is easily fabricated, and has excellent corrosion resistance. The metal burns in air and is the only element that burns in nitrogen. It is marvellous in fireworks.

Titanium is resistant to dilute sulphuric and hydrochloric acid, most organic acids, damp chlorine gas, and chloride solutions. Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert.

General information

Discoveror: William Gregor
Date discovered: 1791
Discovered at: England
Meaning of name: Named after the "Titans", (the sons of the Earth goddess in Greek mythology)

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: silvery metallic
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 4507
Molar volume/cm³: 10.64

Radii /pm

Atomic: 176
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Ti]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	162.2	no data	52.8	no data

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 1.54
Allred Rochow: 1.32

Crystal Structure

structure: hcp (hexagonal close-packed)

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 1941
boiling point: 3560

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 18.7
vaporization: 425

single bond enthalpies:

Ti-F	Ti-Cl	Ti-Br	Ti-I	Ti-Ti
no data	no data	no data	366.9	141.4

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	658
2nd	1310
3rd	2653
4th	4175
5th	9573
6th	11516
7th	13590
8th	16260

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
46Ti	45.9526294 (14)	8.0 (1)
47Ti	46.9517640 (11)	7.3 (1)
48Ti	47.9479473 (11)	73.8 (1)
49Ti	48.9478711 (11)	5.5 (1)
50Ti	49.9447921 (12)	5.4 (1)

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW