vanadium

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Pure vanadium is a bright white metal, and is soft and ductile. It has good corrosion resistance to alkalis, sulphuric and hydrochloric acid, and salt waters, but the metal oxidises readily above 660°C.

General information

Discoveror: Nils Sefstrom
Date discovered: 1801
Discovered at: Sweden
Meaning of name: Named after "Vanadis", a goddess in Scandinavian mythology

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: silvery grey metallic
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 6110
Molar volume/cm³: 8.32

Radii /pm

Atomic: 171
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [V]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	154.4	no data	47.9	no data

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 1.63
Allred Rochow: 1.45

Crystal Structure

structure: bcc (body-centred cubic)

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 2183
boiling point: 3680

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 22.8
vaporization: 453

single bond enthalpies:

V-F	V-Cl	V-Br	V-I	V-V
no data	no data	no data	no data	242.3

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	650
2nd	1414
3rd	2828
4th	4507
5th	6270
6th	12326
7th	14489
8th	16760

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
50V	49.9471609 (17)	0.250 (2)
51V	50.9439617 (17)	99.750 (2)

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW