yttrium

• Description
• General information
• Physical data
• Radii
• Electronegativities
• Solid state structure
• Temperatures
• Enthalpies
• Ionization Enthalpies
• Isotopes
• Further information

Description

Yttrium has a silvery-metallic lustre. Yttrium turnings ignite in air. Yttrium is found in most rare-earth minerals. Moon rocks contain yttrium and yttrium is used as a "phosphor" to produce the red colour in television screens.

General information

Discoveror: Johann Gadolin
Date discovered: 1794
Discovered at: Finland
Meaning of name: Named after the village of "Ytterby" near Vauxholm in Sweden

Physical data

Standard state: solid at 298 K
Colour: silvery white
Density of solid at ambient temperature/kg m^-3: 4472
Molar volume/cm³: 19.88

Radii /pm

Atomic: 212
Covalent (single bond):
Pauling radius for the ion [Y]^-: no data

Valence shell orbital radius maxima (R_max)

orbital	s	p	d	f
radius	189.1	no data	93.9	no data

Electronegativities

Both values are quoted on the Pauling scale.

Pauling: 1.22
Allred Rochow: 1.11

Crystal Structure

structure: hcp (hexagonal close-packed)

The following CrystalMaker image represents the solid state structure. For most elements, the most stable allotrope is illustrated. Try WebElements version 2 for interactive virtual reality and CHIME images.

Temperatures (/K)

melting point: 1799
boiling point: 3609

Enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

fusion: 11.4
vaporization: 379

single bond enthalpies:

Y-F	Y-Cl	Y-Br	Y-I	Y-Y
no data	no data	no data	no data	159

Ionization enthalpies /kJ mol^-1

Number	Enthalpy
1st	616
2nd	1181
3rd	1980
4th	5960
5th	7430
6th	8970
7th	11200
8th	12400

Isotopes

This section gives some data for naturally occurring isotopes.

Nominal mass	Accurate mass	% natural abundance
89Y	89.905849 (3)	100

Further Information

• Additional information about WebElements 1.2.2
• This is a licensed copy (here is the full list) of WebElements 1.2.2 and contains a subset of the material contained within the main version of WebElements (version 2)
• For further information please try WebElements version 2
• Sheffield Chemdex: perhaps the largest internet chemistry directory
• Sheffield Chemputer: interactive chemistry calculators on the WWW